The mid-level barge, which is the highest level barge any of us have achieved yet, is competitive with battleship mining yields. A battleship CAN mine more than a barge, although a barge making effective use of mining drones should still edge out ahead. The top level barge, however, well outpaces even a battleship-- probably only a battleship with properly configured deep core miners could hope to match a top level barge with 3 strip miner IIs.
Prior to RMR, barges could not be seen as the ultimate mining vessel mainly because they could not do deep core mining. There are still issues with deep core mining and regular barges, since deep core mining kicks up a dust cloud which damages anything that's too close to the asteroid being mined. With RMR, barges can now deep core mine, so they are competitive with even deep core mining battleships.
As for mining alone, it requires some not-insignificant skills with drones, so you lose a bit of the efficiency due to having to change over from mining drones to combat drones.
Keep in mind that the strip miners being used are strip miner Is. Just like any other module, the difference between Tech 1 and Tech 2 is fairly significant.
The one thing that barges can do which no other mining platform can is ice mine. But you don't want to do that for a while. I speak from personal experience when i say that there's nothing quite so demoralizing as spending 600 seconds mining only to receive 2 units of ice. Of course, each of those units is 1000m3 in volume, but it is still a pretty big shock if you weren't warned!
The upside to ice is that it's pretty valuable, since it and its products are used to fuel various things such as jump drives and stations. Refining ice takes a ton of skills, though, so there aren't usually very many, if any, buy orders in higher sec areas.
All in all-- No, barges are not the ultimate mining vessel and nor are they meant to be. Battleships and Battlecruisers can be quite competitive with barges, winning out easily against the first barge and running a very close race with the mid-level barge. Destroyers would be contenders as well if they had the CPU to mount 8 miner IIs or deep core miners, or the cargo to keep those miners running. Barges are very weak, defensively, and very, very slow-- they're for mining, not fighting. This makes taking them into low sec fairly risky.
Exhumers, they may qualify for ultimate mining ship. They're tough enough to last in low sec and they can do everything the Tech 1 barges can do and more. With the addition of the deep core strip miner IIs, there's no longer an aspect of mining that the combat ships can do that the barge types cannot. With mining upgrades, you can decrease the cycle time on mining lasers of all kinds, including the turret mounted, the strip miners, and the ice miners. As with everything else in EVE, the watchword is 'choice.' You can go either way, or even choose which methods you use by the op.
I've never actively encouraged anyone from TCO to go for barge, because I always felt (and this was more clear pre-RMR) that there were aspects of mining which the barge was better suited for and aspects which combat ships with miner loadouts were better suited for (ice mining and deep core mining being whole categories of mining that only worked with one type of vessel). Best to decide for yourself, as Moge did (that's moge, right? right?) which is best for you. But hey, if you can use a barge and you can use a battleship, that just means you have more ways to go at the same problem!
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